Henry The 8th essays

Henry The 8th essays Henry VIII was born on June 28th 1491, in Greenwich Palace, London. He was the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Henry VIII came to the throne on the June 24th 1509, after his fathers death. Almost 18 at the time, Henry was interested in sport, dancing and feasting, than he was in governing his country. He left most of his ruling to his advisor, Cardinal Thomas Wosley. Henrys reign was often overshadowed by his six marriages, as he hoped to have a male heir. His greatest achievements include the development of the British navy, and the reformation of Roman Catholic churches, which resulted the creation of Protestant churches. When Henry was eleven, his life was transformed by the death of his elder brother, Arthur. He was now heir to throne. In 1509 Henrys father died, and he succeeded him. Shortly after he came to the throne Henry married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon, the daughter of the king of Spain. They had a daughter named Mary, who was born in 1516, and for most of the 24 years their marriage it was quite a happy one. But Henry desperately wanted a son to follow him on the throne believing that a male heir would be a better ruler, and to his mind this was a failure to his reign. He blamed this on Catherine. Although she was pregnant many times only, Princess Mary survived. Henry had affairs with ladies of his court until he fell in love with Anne Boleyn, a woman of strong will and political instincts. Henry decided to divorce Catherine in order to marry Anne. From 1527 Henry was looking for a way out of his marriage, arguing from accordance of the bible that the union with his brothers widow was invalid. Henry sent his Cardinal Wosley to Rome to present the English case before the pope; Cardinal Wosley was unable to secure the Popes permission for the divorce. Henry did not tolerate failure and dismissed the Cardinal, for failing. However, the divorce was politi...

The top 12 hottest customer service jobs

The top 12 hottest customer service jobs Now more than ever, customer service jobs are in the spotlight. How many times have you seen a bad interaction between a company and a customer go viral for all the hilariously wrong reasons? Corporate branding is very public now, with social media and scrutiny- and that underscores how important it is for companies to provide good, reputation-enhancing customer service. One of the great things about choosing a career path in customer service is that it’s an industry that is continually growing and changing. Technology and day-to-day duties might change, but as long as there are consumer goods and services, people will always be needed to guide and help those customers. If you’re interested in working in customer service, but aren’t quite sure which branch works best for your skills and experience, we’ve got some of the hottest customer service jobs around now, and what each job entails.Call Center RepresentativesCall center representatives are the first l ine of defense for a classic customer service outlet: a phone number that customers can call for questions or issues. These representatives may work in a physical call center somewhere (think of a bullpen-style room with lots of phone booths) or remotely from the rep’s home. And despite the name, these call centers may also task their reps with handling email or online chat apps as well as phones. This is essentially a hub of contact, with representatives working directly with customers to provide help or guidance.ConciergeIt seems like everything is a customized, curated experience these days, meant to deliver goods and experiences according to a customer’s wants or needs. A concierge is the person who puts that personal touch on a customer experience. Concierges can work for any company that offers an individualized experience, but primarily in the hospitality and tourism industry. Concierges work with clients to book trips, suggest activities, help get tickets, make reservations, and arrange transportation. This can be a great role for someone who’s in the know about the best things to do in town and has a passion for helping make someone’s vacation or trip more enjoyable. Concierges may work directly with clients (like at a hotel), or may communicate and make arrangements online as a â€Å"virtual† concierge.Client Relations CoordinatorThese customer service professionals are kind of the closers when it comes to clients. They focus on the client experience and making sure that clients are satisfied with the level of service they’re receiving. These associates may work with a number of different teams inside and outside the company to ensure that the client is happy. It’s a more focused role- instead of fielding general queries, these coordinators build and maintain relationships with specific clients.Client Services ManagerRather than specific products or services, client services managers are tasked with ma naging relationships with clients and customers. You may see this kind of job under similar titles, like â€Å"customer success manager,† â€Å"account manager,† or â€Å"relationship manager,† but the duties are pretty much the same- the client services manager works with specific clients to ensure that all of their needs are being met. Client services managers provide next-level customer care.Customer Service RepresentativeCustomer service representatives, sometimes also known as customer care representatives, are responsible for helping customers in every industry (retail hospitality, healthcare, etc.). They may answer questions in person, on the phone, via email, or via chat. They take reports from users or customers, help troubleshoot if necessary, or provide product information. The job may include follow-up investigation or escalation of customer issues to other parts of the company, as well as reaching back out to customers for resolution. Customer servi ce reps may also be responsible for keeping detailed records, processing payments and refunds, generating sales leads, and helping to meet sales goals.Customer Service ManagerThis role is typically the next step up after you’ve worked as a customer service representative. Customer service managers are often responsible for managing teams of customer service representatives, handling queries or complaints that have been escalated, handling financial transactions like refunding customers, and ensuring that the company’s best practices for customer service are being met. This is a role that requires only stellar customer service skills, but also strong organization and leadership.Member Services SpecialistIf it seems like every store or company seems to have a â€Å"perks† program or some kind of VIP club for elite customers, that’s because these programs are a lucrative way to build and create a loyal customer base. Member services specialists are customer service professionals who focus on working with customers who are members of these programs, ensuring that they understand and receive benefits, and meet program requirements. These specialists may also be responsible for recruiting new members, with yearly signup goals.Patient Care CoordinatorPatient care coordinators are found in the healthcare or health technology industries, working for hospitals, clinics, medical and rehabilitation centers, insurance companies, and government agencies. They arrange appointments and services for patients, get approval for procedures or tests, and act as a liaison between the patients and the medical administrators. In addition to customer service skills, this role may also require basic medical training and knowledge.ReceptionistA receptionist is often the first face you see (or the first voice you hear) when interacting with a company. And a good one can make all the difference- someone who answers the phone with a polite, friendly demeanor set s a much better tone than someone who is clearly grouchy or dismissive. Also known as â€Å"front desk associates,† receptionists need to have great communication skills and good interpersonal skills. Receptionists typically receive guests, answer and direct phone calls, give information, manage schedules, and keep logs or records.Social Media Customer Service AssociateSocial media has become a major force in customer service. And while many of these jobs are more of an administrative marketing function, the person behind the Tweets serves an important customer service role as well. Social media is used to present a brand, as well as information for customers. Being the point person behind the social media accounts can also mean fielding real-time customer issues and feedback, as well as helping to resolve things before a minor customer issue develops into a major customer problem.Technical Support RepresentativeModern tech is great. It’s also imperfect. And when thing s go wrong with your phone/tablet/candy-themed game app, you will surely be reaching out to the company that made it to help fix things. These customer service representatives are specially trained to handle technical queries, or to direct them to other IT groups to fully troubleshoot. These professionals typically have solid technical skills in general, as well as specific experience or training on a particular product, software, system, etc. This is also a job that can be done remotely, depending on the company.Technical Support EngineerTechnical support engineers have both customer service skills and a four-year degree in an area like computer engineering, computer science, information technology, or similar. These professionals provide high-level support for particular products, programs, apps, or technical services to help ensure that your product/service is working as it should. These engineers may also work within a company’s IT department to fill the customer service role for internal teams or groups as well.If you’re thinking about a career in customer service, there are some baseline skills you should develop as you figure out which customer service job opportunities you want to pursue. Organization and being detail-oriented are great assets, as is a positive and patient â€Å"bedside manner.† While customer service may seem like a solo job (or a duo with you and your phone), teamwork is essential to achieving company service goals. And tech savviness will always come in handy as factors like e-commerce, online customer service, and data collection become priorities for companies.And if you’re starting to think about crafting your customer service resume, we’ve got you covered there too.The bottom line is this: if you have a passion for helping people get the best possible experience from something they’ve bought, then this can be a great choice. It’s also a career path that gives you flexible work opt ions, whether you’re looking for a standard desk job, a remote work opportunity, or a graveyard shift.

Bhang smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bhang smoking - Essay Example Research has shown that most bhang smokers are affected by it due to the way they inhale the drug. Most of the users tend to retain much the smoke in their lungs while inhaling as a better way of using the drug. This act tends to increase the accumulation of tar which is present in the drug. This tends to cause lung cancer in shorter period than cigarettes.   Research has also shown that bhang smoking can lead to female infertility (Chein). An Australian report indicated that the use of bhang is causing harmful effects during pregnancies and may cause birth failures or miscarriages. This is a long term effect. Research has also put forward that continued use of bhang by males can tamper with the sperm functioning which leads to a negative impact. Study has also proven that this disease leads to psychosis, depression and anxiety (MD Newcomb). These are psychological problems. Sixty percent of mentally ill persons have their illness being related to drug consumption. Most of these pe rsons prefer use of bhang and drinking of alcohol. Psychiatrist then argue that the role played by alcohol in causing these diseases is quite minimal and most probably this issues are mostly related to the inhaling of marijuana. Psychotic diseases are also depicted to affect persons who started to abuse from a young age.The most affected age Group. Teenagers between the age of sixteen and twenty five are the most highly affected group by the psychotic diseases. Study has also shown that bhang smoking causes.... This is a long term effect. Research has also put forward that continued use of bhang by males can tamper with the sperm functioning which leads to a negative impact. Study has also proven that this disease leads to psychosis, depression and anxiety (MD Newcomb). These are psychological problems. Sixty percent of mentally ill persons have their illness being related to drug consumption. Most of these persons prefer use of bhang and drinking of alcohol. Psychiatrist then argue that the role played by alcohol in causing these diseases is quite minimal and most probably this issues are mostly related to the inhaling of marijuana. Psychotic diseases are also depicted to affect persons who started to abuse from a young age. The most affected age Group. Teenagers between the age of sixteen and twenty five are the most highly affected group by the psychotic diseases. Study has also shown that bhang smoking causes unipolar which is a depression disorder. The relation between bhang and depres sion is also prevalent. Statistical research has shown that the number of people affected by depression is almost equal to the people affected by psychosis. However, most of the people affected by depression do not have access to clinical facilities. The most striking attribute of this particular disorder is that the people who are not so much dependent on marijuana have a higher risk of contracting this disease. Studies have also associated many suicide cases with the use of bhang. For instance most bhang users in the United States of America have being documented to have reported most cases of attempted suicide. This data is as shown in the US National Co morbidity Survey (Crewe). This is due

Motifs in The Great Gatsby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motifs in The Great Gatsby - Essay Example This actress had none of Daisy’s sophistication, her voice when she spoke echoed off the walls behind her in a brazen, brassy tone that spoke of street markets and low change as compared to the melodious, soft, money-filled voice of Daisy’s. The buzz of conversation that flitted around us as we circulated spoke of such low topics as business and finances, things that belonged in the workplace, not in decent society. Daisy fell into a pattern of simply nodding to these individuals and moving on, in much the same way a queen might pass among her subjects on her way to a finer, more noble company. That Daisy was bored was immediately apparent to any who laid eyes on her, though she tried to remain gay.2 â€Å"I don’t believe I know any of these dances,† Daisy responded, looking coolly about the crowded floor on which several people could be seen performing the new street dances that were just becoming recognized by the theater set. â€Å"Perhaps it is just a little too hot to dance anyway. Shouldn’t we instead go somewhere cool?† Pulled along in their wake like a small tugboat trying to get away, I accompanied Daisy and Gatsby on their stroll about the grounds. Our feet inevitably led us to Gatsby’s garage, where the great yellow car rested in opulent stasis. â€Å"Oh, anything to get some wind. It’s so hot and still these days,† Daisy said in response, not at all concerned that she was taking the host away from his party or leaving her husband in the comforting arms of another Broadway hopeful who was ‘too common’ for her to concern herself about. We went for a ride toward the city, speeding along at breakneck speeds on the empty roads of the New York nighttime, only stopping long enough to allow Daisy to get behind the driver’s wheel because she was bored with just riding on the passenger side and felt perhaps driving would help to

Relationship Marketing And Traditional Transactional Marketing Marketing Essay

Relationship Marketing And Traditional Transactional Marketing Marketing Essay The approach of a business towards the marketing discipline can generally be categorised as either being traditional or relationship based. Whilst the traditional approach has held sway for the last fifty years there are signs that relationship marketing may assume the dominant position in marketing thinking and application in the near future. This does not mean that traditional marketing will no longer have a role to play. The evidence from a study of the supermarket chain Asda is that its position as the UK number two supermarket brand has been largely achieved by following a traditional marketing approach. Equally, however, market leader Tesco has embraced relationship marketing using its Clubcard to help it build mutually beneficial relationships with its customers. This approach to its marketing has seen Tescos market share and profits continue to grow whilst Asdas have started to decline. On the face of it this would appear to demonstrate that, when it comes to supermarket marketing, the relationship approach is best. However, it is not that simple. The classic four Ps of the marketing mix, Product, Price Place and Promotion, are the cornerstone of traditional marketing with Price and Promotion having been Asdas primary focus. Also, there is an argument that says in the difficult economic times that consumers are currently experiencing then the price and value for money proposition advocated by Asda has more resonance with consumers than ever before. So, which is the most appropriate marketing path for Tesco and Asda to follow or should elements form both disciplines be adopted for optimum effect? This paper analyses the various points of view of both academics and marketing practioners and draws heavily on case study material to draw some conclusions for a possible way forward. Introduction and Background Relationship marketing, which involves the development, growth, and maintenance of long-term, cost-effective, and mutually beneficial relationships between a business and its customers, may be perceived as being a relatively new phenomenon (Grà ¶nroos, 1995). However, this is not the case as its origins actually pre-date the industrial revolution, a time when products were manufactured on a small scale and consumers had direct contact with the manufacturers and merchants from whom they purchased their goods. As industrialisation gathered pace the mass production of goods meant that direct contact between manufacturers and their end customers was no longer practical and middlemen evolved to bridge the gap. This, in turn, resulted in manufacturers becoming distant from their customers and adopting a transactional rather than customer relationship focus to their marketing and selling activities (Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1995). This transactional approach became increasingly sophisticated as marketing developed into a specialist and separate discipline within organisations, alongside the customer services and product quality control functions. The four Ps of marketing mix i.e. Product, Price, Place and Promotion, first muted by Borden (1964), have been a familiar and successful planning and execution framework for traditional marketing practioners since the 1960s. However, this traditional marketing philosophy has been facing an increasingly serious challenge to its dominant position from advocates of relationship-based marketing (Grà ¶nroos, 1995). The introduction of new technologies, such as the internet, has changed the way in which businesses are able to interact with their customers. This, together with the large scale removal of global trading barriers and the increasing homogenisation of consumer attitudes and purchasing behaviour, have all served to fuel what has become known as the globalisation of world markets (Doole, and Lowe, 2008). This new global marketplace for products has necessitated the adoption of new and more effective marketing techniques and concepts by rival businesses striving to compete for the same customers. So rather than rely on traditional marketing techniques, which are based on identifying new prospects, converting them to customers, and completing sales transactions, businesses have increasingly focussed on developing meaningful relationships with their customers in order to both retain their custom and encourage them to spend more. The management of relationship marketing has been greatly facilitated by a change in attitude to the structure of the marketing, customer service and product quality control functions. Rather than these functions being distinct and disintegrated, as is the case in businesses with a traditional marketing focus, relationship marketing integrates these functions to enable the business to get closer to its customers and thus helping it to benefit from increased customer retention, and the nirvana that all businesses strive for, customer loyalty (Fill and Hughes, 2003). Customer loyalty can be defined as a form of repeat purchasing behaviour reflecting a conscious decision to continue buying the same brand. (Solomon et al. 2001, p. 259). Additionally, the financial efficacy of customer retention versus new customer acquisition is well established. Indeed most academic studies on the subject propound the view that the costs of acquiring new customers can be up to five times higher than tho se costs associated with retaining existing customers (Heskett et al., 1994; Webster, 1994; Cespedes, 1995). In the current global marketplace, Jones (1992) believes that businesses have no choice but to build and retain the loyalty of existing customers if they are to survive and grow. Supermarket chains, such as Tesco and Asda, act as a reference point for attitudes to loyalty, with 72% of consumers feeling loyal to at least one organisation operating in the highly competitive supermarket sector, according to a study by the Logic Group, a specialist in loyalty programmes management, and researcher Ipsos MORI (Fernandez, 2009). Tesco Clubcard a key relationship tool Tesco has been the dominant force in supermarket retailing for the last ten years (Seth and Randall, 2001). It remains the market leading supermarket chain in the UK with a 30.4% market share and has, in the early part of 2010, further widened the gap between itself and its arch rival ASDA, a position which has largely been attributed to the success of its recent Clubcard double points promotion (MacDonald, 2010). To succeed, relationship marketing requires the development and maintenance of strong personal relationships with customers. These relationships should include a high degree of mutual interaction and social exchange (Zineldin and Philipson, 2007). Tescos Clubcard is the cornerstone of its customer relationship marketing strategy. Launched in February 1995, Tescos Clubcard gained five million users within its first month of operation and, significantly and somewhat ironically for a loyalty card, 200,000 new customers also joined the scheme (Seth and Randall, 2001). Clubcard works by enabling its users to collect points when shopping at Tesco stores and online at Tesco.com and also at Tescos catalogue store, Tesco Direct. In addition, points can be collected at Tesco petrol stations and by paying for any goods or services using a Tesco credit card. Tesco Clubcard holders can also collect points when making non Tesco purchases, such as paying for gas or electricity through utilities supplier e.on (Tesco website, 2010). These points are then converted into money-off vouch ers for customers to use in store. However, Clubcard is much more than simply a vehicle to reward customer loyalty. By collecting customer data at registration, Clubcard is also a powerful marketing planning tool for Tesco. It enables the retailer to track customer shopping habits, including the products bought and their purchase frequency, thus enabling Tesco to target specific product and service promotions to specific customers, either at the point of sale or at the customers home via direct marketing. Tesco has attracted some criticism for using its loyalty scheme in this way but it argues that it works in the interests of its customers by aiding the business and product development process. Indeed, Tesco Chief Executive, Sir Terry Leahy, states that: We could not have created the dot-com business without the data from the loyalty card (Humby et al, 2007, page 4). As well developing relationships by creating highly targeted and personalised communications for its customers, Tesco has fulfilled another one of the key objectives of relationship marketing with its Clubcard, namely getting its existing customers to purchase more products. For example, using its Clubcard customer data, Tesco can identify possible target customers for its non-food products. It then mails these customers about such products via the medium of its quarterly Clubcard newsletter. This strategy has resulted in half of all Tescos traditional grocery customers also purchasing non food items from the chain (Humby et al, 2007). Data collected from Clubcard users has also been credited with helping to fuel Tescos recent dramatic international expansion with one third of its entire staff now working outside the UK (Humby et al, 2007). Tesco has extended its Clubcard brand into specific customer market segments in order to enhance its relationships with certain groups with a view to increasing sales to those specific customer segments. Clubcard data revealed that families with babies and toddlers who shopped regularly at Tesco did not believe that they could trust the Tesco brand as the best place to buy baby and toddler related products. These customers tended to place their trust in Boots for such products (Humby et al, 2007). A key identified element of successful relationship marketing is trust: The resources of the seller personnel, technology and systems have to be used in such a manner that the customers trust in the resources involved and, thus, in the firm itself is maintained and strengthened (Grà ¶nroos, 1990, p.5) Tesco decided that it needed to specifically address the issue of trust for these customers and created the Tesco baby and toddler club. Membership of the club enables families with babies and toddlers to get double Clubcard points on certain products as well as giving them free parking spaces close to store entrances, a free magazine and access to specialist parenting advice (Tesco baby and toddler club website, 2010). This relationship marketing initiative directly led to an increase of trust in the Tesco brand for baby and toddler products from this market segment and a consequent transfer of market share from Boots. Now Tescos sales volume of baby and toddler products is more than that of Boots and Mothercare combined (Stone et al, 2010). Effective relationship marketing that truly enhances customer relationships and leads to business improvement also requires that the marketing discipline in an organisation transcends all functions and embeds itself in the ethos of the business (Zineldin and Philipson, 2007). Tesco is totally focussed on its customers and information about customer needs and purchasing trends are disseminated to all parts of the organisation not just marketing. Indeed, Tesco claims that everything its does is rooted in customer knowledge (Tesco Careers Website, 2010). So it can be seen that Tescos Clubcard has certainly played a major role in securing and enhancing its market leading position and, as far as contributing to the bottom line is concerned, then there is evidence that it has also generated incremental sales and profits (Humby et al, 2007). Equally it has not caused an increase in overall marketing spend for Tesco as much of the funding for Clubcard has come from the reallocation of resources from other areas of marketing spend, such as TV advertising (Humby et al, 2007). However, it should also be remembered, of course, that Tesco has not completely disowned the traditional marketing concept as its ongoing aggressive price promotions demonstrate. Asda a traditional price-led approach Some academics suggest that here has been a paradigm shift from traditional to relationship marketing (Grà ¶nroos, 1995) and that traditional marketing does not fulfil the requirements demanded by the modern-day marketing concept (Gummesson, 1995, 2000). Kotler (1997), however, argues that the decision whether to use relationship marketing or transactional marketing depends on the industry type and, more importantly, on the needs and wants of the particular consumer. Some consumers will always adopt a short-term attitude in their relationships with suppliers (Zineldin and Philipson, 2007). In these cases traditional marketing based on the transactional approach will always have an important role to play. Asda is the second largest supermarket chain in the UK with around 17% market share (Macdonald, 2010). Its market ambitions are summed up in it mission statement which is to be Britains best value retailer exceeding customer needs always and in its stated purpose which is to make goods and services more affordable for everyone (Times 100, Asda Case Study, 2010, p.34). Asda has recognised the fickle nature of some consumers relationships with their supermarkets and acknowledges that the purchasing motivation of those consumers will always be based on obtaining best value (Zineldin and Philipson, 2007). Asda has, therefore, consistently adopted a transactional approach to its marketing by focussing heavily on two of the four Ps of the marketing mix advocated by traditionalists namely, Price and Promotion. Asda has built its market position around price and value for money, supporting these propositions through heavyweight TV advertising with its TV commercials having now propounded the virtues of Asda price for well over thirty years. Asdas strategic communications director, Nick Agarwal, defends Asdas traditional marketing approach, which focuses on attracting new customers and increasing transactions through its price and value led proposition, by stating that the current economic times dictate this type of offer in the supermarket sector. He says : Our internal data suggests that people are still very nervous about what will happen on the economic front this year. We need to make sure we serve new customers as well as those who are still feeling financially challenged, especially with the increase in VAT and public sector cuts that are to come. We are very conscious that value is still going to be at the heart of what people want in the coming 18 months.'(Costa, 2010). However, whilst Asda has enjoyed considerable success with its traditional marketing strategy, there are now indications that its approach has failed to reverse a slow decline in sales. According to research from Kantar Worldpanel, Asdas sales have fallen by 0.4% in the second quarter of 2010 and its market share has dropped by 1.7% to 16.9% in the same period (Baker, 2010). Asda seems determined to continue to pursue its traditional approach but independent observers are urging the chain to change to reflect new consumer attitudes. Ed Garner, retail analyst at Kantar Worldpanel says. The market has changed considerably and now consumers feel there is more to life than low prices (Baker, 2010). There are even dissenting voices within Asdas own ranks with Asdas new marketing director Jon Owen believing that the supermarket chain must cease its blinkered focus on traditional price-led marketing in order to compete more effectively (Baker, 2010). Asda has, however, made some concessions to relationship marketing through its corporate social responsibility initiatives. These include community involvement projects through its Asda Foundation (Your Asda website, 2010) and the provision of credit to those customers who have been refused credit by other lenders (Hemingway, 2002). However, it would seem that there are still strong forces inside and outside the business questioning whether or not a predominantly traditional marketing approach remains a viable strategy for future success. Summary and Conclusions From the evidence of two contrasting case studies it is apparent that both traditional and relationship marketing have proven to be appropriate for business success within the supermarket retail sector. However, there are indications that consumers are now beginning to expect more than just low prices and value for money from their shopping experience, they have also demonstrated a desire to engage in a meaningful relationship with their supermarket of choice. This relationship, if managed effectively by the supermarket chain, can increase customer loyalty and can encourage customers to their purchasing behaviour for specific product segments, as well as generating incremental sales from new and existing customers. Tesco, has also shown that a customer relationship strategy based on the development of mutually beneficial relationships can, and indeed does, positively impact the bottom line. Asda, for its part appears to be the subject of a struggle between the opposing forces of traditional and relationship marketing. However, this need not be the case. There is no reason why both disciplines should be in opposition. Even if there is a shift towards relationship marketing, many academics believe that traditional marketing, in terms of the four Ps of the marketing mix, remains valid in all types of businesses including supermarket retailing. The argument being that if a business does not have the right price, product promotion or place (distribution) for its products then it will be impossible for it to enter into a mutually beneficial relationship with its customers (Zineldin, and Philipson, 2007). There is, therefore, strong evidence to suggest that a mix of both the traditional and relationship approach is the most appropriate for the Supermarket sector in the UK. Tesco has achieved this balance but Asda has yet to fully embrace the value of relationship marketing acting alongside a more traditional approach. The view that it needs to do this and quickly in order to grow its business appears to be gathering momentum.

Mari Evans’ “I Am a Black Woman”

Imani Newbill Professor Simms-Burton English 2140 21 March 2010 Mari Evans’ â€Å"I Am a Black Woman† â€Å"Mari Evans is one of the most energetic and respected poets of the Black Arts movement† (1850). The themes of her poems are very direct, but the simple lyrics make the poem eloquent (1850). â€Å"Lost love, a lost Africa, failed relationships between black woman and black men† are usually the tails of her poems (1850). Yet she also portrays that â€Å"losses summon from us the courage to struggle , to continue in the face of adversity and pain† (1850). ‘I Am a Black Woman’ whose title poem first appeared in Negro Digest, links the themes of black enslavement and impoverishment with the global oppression of the wretched† (1850). â€Å"The volume [â€Å" I Am a Black Woman†] heralded the arrival of a poet who took her subject matter from the black community, and who celebrated its triumphs, especially the focus on the beauty of blackness that characterized the black arts and civil rights movements. †(Gale ) Therefore, understanding Mari Evans’ themes and tone fuels the greatness of â€Å"I Am a Black Woman†.Mari Evans’ usually deals with the despair and loss of the African American citizen in her literary work. In â€Å"I Am a Black Woman†, Evans chooses to tell the story of the black woman. She portrays the roles and relationships of the black woman. Evans’ includes the story of all black women’s pain, their fight for civil rights, the black lover, and the black mother. The narrator of this poem describes, in lines 1-4, the pain black women experience because they are black woman:I am a black woman the music of my song some sweet arpeggio of tears is written in a minor key The â€Å"music of my song/some sweet arpeggio of tears† tells of the internal struggle of being a black woman. Also what it means to be a black woman. Evans’ portr ays the despair felt from her husband’s death in lines 11-12 when the narrator describes more pain â€Å"I saw my mate leap screaming to the sea/ and I/with these hands/cupped the lifebreath/? from my issue in the canebrake†.The mother receives more grief in lines 14-15 â€Å"and heard my son scream all the way from Anzio/for Peace he never knew† (Gates 1852). Evans’ tells of the pain of the black mother. The mothers who birth the black children whose rights are being spit on and dragged through the dirt. The mother whose black sons who fight in wars for a country that despises the black skin that they have at birth. This also portrayed in lines 16-17 â€Å"learned Da Nang and Pork Chop Hill/? in anguish† (Gates 1852) Evans’ theme of pain of the black woman is clearly shown.Evans’ shows the blues of being a black woman in stanza’s one and two, but in the last stanza she shows that even threw the pain and anguish black woman are still strong: I am a black woman ?tall as a cypress ?strong beyond all definition still ?defying place ?and time and circumstance ?assailed ?impervious ?indestructible ?Look ?on me and be ?renewed Evans’ chooses a public persona to work through her understanding of what it means to be black in the Western world, and she hopes to inspire others through their witnessing her quest. Gale ) In line 29, the narrator indicates that as a black women are imperious and one can not set their boundaries Black women can not be boxed into in situations based on circumstance because the odds can be defied place time and the black women’s indestructibility. The narrator is saying look at me defy the odds and anyone can be renewed because of the triumph from my despair. The narrator has most clearly defied the odds because of all the stress and drama that is in her life and she still stands strong. The tone changes from stanza to stanza in the poem, â€Å"I Am a Black Woman.The tone in the first stanza is filled with stress and she use humming to relieve the stress. She is actually crying in the first stanza. The tone of the second stanza is despair. She watches her mate and son die along with important figures like Nat Turner (Gates 1852) In stanza two the narrator indicates, â€Å"Now my nostrils know the gas/ and these trigger tire/d fingers† (Gates 1852) . Again the tone is despair because she attempts and contemplates suicide. However, stanza three's tone is about renewal , inspiration and strength.She indicates look at me and my struggles and still I stand strong like a cypress tree. The tone of the poem is sad at the beginning and inspirational at the end. Evan remains strong to her themes of negative love affairs between black men and women and global perspective in her writing of â€Å"I Am a Black Woman. However, the tone changes in this poem, and the lyrics are simple. An ultimately she provides encouragement and hope, which is still done in her poem â€Å"I Am a Black Woman. Therefore, understanding Mari Evans’ themes and tone fuels the greatness of â€Å"I Am a Black Woman†.Works Cited| Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Nellie Y McKay, ed. Norton Anthology of African American Literature. 2nd ed. New York: WW. Norton, 2004. 2096| Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Nellie Y McKay, ed. â€Å"I Am a Black Woman. † Norton Anthology of African American Literature. 2nd ed,. New York: WW. Norton, 2004. 1851-1852. | Gates, Henry Louis Jr. and Nellie Y McKay, ed. â€Å"The Black Arts Era 1960-1975. † Norton Anthology of African American Literature. 2nd ed. New York: WW. Norton, 2004. 1831-1850. Print. | |

Shakespeare Writes About Issues That Are Still Relevant Today

Shakespeare writes about issues that are still relevant today Shakespeare writes about issues that are still relevant today because his themes are universal, his plays have been updated and remade and there are various schools of thought who argue about his plays. His universal themes of vaulting and corrupting ambition, a reliance on superstition and gender tell us that the play Macbeth explored themes that are still seen in today’s society. The updated and remade film versions of Macbeth (also known as The Tragedy of Macbeth) and Macbeth (BBC’s Shakespeare’s Retold Series) tell us that people still enjoy watching the issues in Macbeth. And the various schools of thought Psychoanalytical, Feminist, and Marxism tell us that people still†¦show more content†¦In Macbeth the theme of superstition appears right at the beginning with the witches’ predictions and carries through the play with more witch predictions. In the play it is seen that Macbeth starts believing in the witches’ predictions and his des tined fate. He soon forms a reliance on the witches’ predictions and seeks them out for more prophesies. In today’s society we see that now more than ever do people want to know about their future, with the businesses of taro reading, psychics and astrology booming. There are also many television programs and movies like Charmed and Harry Potter, whose main theme is superstition. In the play the line â€Å"Macbeth shall never vanquished be until/Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane hill/Shall come against him† (Act 4, Scene 1), shows us that this theme was one that Shakespeare wished to communicate with his audience. Therefore through the theme of superstition it can be seen that Shakespeare is still significant to people in modern day times. Shakespeare writes about themes that are still relevant because his theme of gender is still seen in modern societies. In Macbeth gender is explored when Lady Macbeth questions her husband’s manhood in order to persuade him to kill Duncan. She says that if he can kill in war, he can kill now. Lady Macbeth also wishes that she could be unsexed. In modern societies we see that many people question their own gender and wish that they too could be ofShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The English Language1649 Words   |  7 PagesPoet, playwright, actor and dramatist, William Shakespeare is one of the most influential and greatest writers up to this day in poetry and the English language. Known, for his many acclaimed works such as his famous plays, â€Å"Othello,† â€Å"King Lear,† and â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† etc. More than four hundred years have passed and William Shakespeare’s work still alive as if it was during the early ages of Sha kespeare work. 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